Selecting the right material for heat exchanger pipes involves balancing multiple factors, including corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, cost, and compatibility with the fluids. By carefully considering these criteria, engineers can choose materials that optimize the performance and longevity of the heat exchanger, while also meeting budgetary and regulatory requirements.

Material selection represents a key design factor governing long-term heat exchanger reliability and costs. While carbon steel dominates many lower temperature applications, excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature strength motivate using stainless steels, nickel alloys or linings/coatings especially for demanding service conditions. Performance must be balanced judiciously against constraints like budgets or weight to procure piping optimized for a heat exchanger's full service life.